Grass species genotypes response phalaris arundinacea 12 susceptible ph. Frangula or alder buckthorn should be distinguished from common buckthorn rhamnus catharticus, linn, from the ripe berries of which syrupus rhamni is prepared. Summary of rhamnus frangula control treatments during winter 198990. To give your plant the best start possible, we include free fertilizer with every order. Fernlike foliage and a columnar shape set this darkgreen shrub apart. Rhamnus frangula synonyms, rhamnus frangula antonyms. Rhamnus frangula definition of rhamnus frangula by the free. Glossy, oval to obovate, dark green leaves to 3 long retain green color well into fall, usually resulting in poor fall color. Rhamnus frangula has two cultivars that give this species importance in the landscape, in terms of their finetextured asplenifolia or columnar columnaris design functions. Rhamnus cathartica and frangula alnus report 200405. Multistems with a narrowly upright and columnar growth habit make this hardy plant almost bamboolike.
Rhamnus frangula is a deciduous shrub growing to 5 m 16ft by 4 m ft at a slow rate. Rhamnus is easy to grow and adapts to most conditions. Pdf the effects of frangula alnus miller on hek cells in. This plant and synonyms italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. The branches are not spiny, and the buds are without scales. The glossy buckthorn rhamnus frangula also mildly poisonous has bark and growth form that looks somewhat similar to the chokecherry. Fine, fernlike foliage on slender branches proven to have very low seed viability approximately 3%. Rhamnus frangula small tree common in europe alder buckthorn, alder dogwood buckthorn a shrub or shrubby tree of the genus rhamnus. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Rhamnus frangula herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. It has alternate, elliptic, oval, or obovate entire leaves, obtuse or slightly pointed at the apex. The generic recognition of frangula has been disputed and for many years glossy buckthorn has gone under the name rhamnus frangula l. Fine line buckthorn rhamnus frangula ron williams plant details.
An attractive, new, columnar shrub with fine, dark green leaves, which turn butteryyellow in autumn before falling. The hmpc conclusions only cover frangula bark preparations that are obtained by drying and comminuting reducing into tiny pieces the bark. It is in flower from may to june, and the seeds ripen from september to november. Foliage the dark green leaves are shiny, alternate sometime opposite and simple with prominent venation. Glossy buckthorn can either grow as a multistemmed shrub or singlestemmed tree up to 23 7 m tall. Usda 2ahs 7 a uniquely textured plant, unmatched among hardy species for its exotic look in the landscape. Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of weeds of the u.
Frangula alnus miller, primarily the clinical data. Growing rhamnus frangula alder buckthorn latin name pronunciation. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The most studied compounds in buckthorn bark frangula cortex. Above average superior performance, among my favorites, would recommend to others. Name of the medicinal product to be specified for the individual finished product.
Frangula bark is the common name for the bark of the plant rhamnus frangula l. Rhamnus catharticus, is a multistemmed small tree to large shrub growing 1025 ft. The bark on young shoots is green, becoming greybrown. Frangula article about frangula by the free dictionary. Considered to be the most ornamental of the buckthorns. European unionherbal monograph on rhamnus frangula l. Asplenifolia is an upright, spreading, deciduous shrub which typically grows 610 tall. Impact of the invasive shrub glossy buckthorn rhamnus frangula l. Analysis of the cosmopolitan buckthorn genera frangula and. Frangula alnus is commonly called alder buckthorn because it is frequently seen in the wild growing in moist soils near alders genus alnus.
The esr measurements were carried out on five types of organic tea cultivated in romania. Clusters of whitishgreen flowers appear in the leaf axils in may. They were probably introduced to the us before 1800 but did not become widespread until the early 1900s. Names of rhamnus frangula in various languages of the world are also given. Its species range from 1 to 10 meters 330 tall rarely to 15 metres, 50 and are native mainly in east asia and north america, but found throughout the temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere, and also more locally in the subtropical southern hemisphere. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. How rhamnus frangula is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. The flowers, which are small and bisexual, are in axillary dichasia or fascicles. Rhamnus is a genus of about 110 accepted species of shrubs or small trees, commonly known as buckthorns, in the family rhamnaceae. Leaves are deciduous, simple, and generally arrang ed alternately. Hardy to usda zone 3 native to europe, western asia and north africa. A fast growing vertical plant, give this plant a shear to a flat top look and then repeat a few times during the season to produce a fuller plant without loss of height.
Difficulty of management 058 36 does asplenifolia produce viable seed. Leaves simple, alternate, linear to linearlanceolate, 46 cm long, but only 3. List of various diseases cured by rhamnus frangula. The genus name frangula comes from the word frango, meaning fragile or brittle, in reference to the tendency of the twigs of some species to break easily. The fine line buckthorn is an excellent cross between the columnar and fernleaf forms of buckthorn. The bark of rhamnus frangula linn frangula alnus miller, family rhamnaceae buckthorn is used traditionally as a medicinal plant. It is based on the measurement of changes of the esr spectrum of radicals as a result of their interaction with antioxidants. Narrow leaves, deep green and irregularly scalloped, give. Branches are multistemmed, not very regular and arranged in alternate pairs. It has a narrow, upright form with very thin, fine textured foliage. In 1754, miller described the genus frangula, and in 1768, the species frangula alnus. Frangula alnus miller, cortex frangula bark herbal substance dried, whole or fragmented bark of the stems and branches, standardised herbal preparation standardised herbal preparations thereof traditional use with regard to the registration application of article 16d1 of directive 200183ec, as amended 3.
Mcf7 is a cell line that was first isolated in 1970. Depending on the type and stage of cancer, and the individual patients condition, hoxsey would add to a basic solution of cascara rhamnus purshiana and potassium iodide one or more of the following plant substances. European union herbal monograph on rhamnus frangula l. Pruning is best done in latewinter to early spring for most trees and latespring for spring blooming shrubs. Biological control ofbuckthorns rhamnus cathartica and.
Once established, frangula alnus fine line has an interesting, mottled bark. Most authorities now recognize this section as a separate genus, using frangula alnus mill. Fine line rhamnus frangula ron williams uspp 14,791. Appearance frangula alnus is a large shrub or small tree that can grow to heights of 30 ft.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. This was introduced by ron williams of green bay, wisconsin. Buckthorn family rhamnaceae description if you find a large shrub with leaf veins that curve to follow the leaf margin and small black berries on short stalks along the branches, its probably one of the nonnative buckthorns. The author name for frangula alnus is cited as either miller orp. Pdf effects of rhamnus frangula extract on mcf7 cells in cell. Updated for itis by the flora of north america expertise network, in connection with an update for usda plants 20072010 reference for. Usdaars cereal disease laboratory university of minnesota. Glossy buckthorn is a deciduous shrub or small tree of wet or dry sites. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. I bought a buckthorn tree in april and planted it in a large container on my. Otros nomes vulgares desta ramnacea son frangula o rabiacan. It works great in narrow spaces and is noninvasive thanks to its sparse, unviable seed.
Frangula a genus of shrubs or small trees of the family rhamnaceae. Fine line is a noninvasive alternative to other buckthorn varieties. Pharmacognosy, 1992, 30, 151 and references cited therein. Frangula alnus usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Mentha piperita mp, hypericum perforatum hp, achillea millefolium am, rhamnus frangula rf, and calendula officinalis co. Prune regularly to promote health, provide air circulation, maintain a desirable shape, and to remove dead or damaged branches. While frangula is morphologically similar to rhamnus but separate according to previous molecular studies, the delimitation of sections within rhamnus s. A recent molecular study by bolmgren and oxelman 2004. Rhamnus frangula sanguenu, zanguena o cuernucabra cfr. The corespc for frangulae cortex established in 1994 by the committee for proprietary medicinal products cpmp the german monograph of the commission e frangulae cortex 1 and the german pharmacovigilance actions for. The leaf margins are smoothentire and tend to be slightly wavy. Was introduced by ron willimans of green bay, wisconsin. Alder buckthorn has been used medicinally as a gentle laxative since at least the middle ages. Narrow leaves, deep green and irregularly scalloped, give the shrub an almost ferny texture.
Pdf studies show that some plant extracts have anticancer effects on breast cancer cells. The alder buckthorn is characterized by the presence of glossy oval shaped green leaves, each of which can be one to three inches in length, the leaves are borne on. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in rhamnus frangula. If a branch is cut, the sapwood tissue just below the outer bark is yellow and the heartwood tissue in the center is pinkorange michigan. Rhamnus frangula bark frangulae cortex herbal reference. In the past, frangula was treated as a subgenus of rhamnus, distinguished from rhamnus sensu stricto by the presence of bisexual instead of unisexual flowers and 5merous instead of 4merous flower parts, and on the basis of seed characteristics. In order to clarify the taxonomy of rhamnus, we present the largest molecular dataset. Potential for expansion 040 33 can these cultivars revert. Frangula alnus in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Frangula bark consists of the dried, whole or fragmented bark of the stems and branches of rhamnus frangula l. Glossy or smooth buckthorn also known as european alder, rhamnus frangula, is a large shrub to small tree with an upright, oval form growing 1018 ft.
Frangula alnus is a shrub or small tree with brownish gray bark speckled with easily distinguished elongated, lighter areas called lenticels michigan. Recommendations for rhamnus frangula assessment results based on 8703 meeting. Alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula picture the alder buckthorn can be considered a deciduous shrub or even a small tree, the plant often reaches 20 feet in height when fully mature. Rhamnus frangula synonyms, rhamnus frangula pronunciation, rhamnus frangula translation, english dictionary definition of rhamnus frangula. Rhamnaceae buckthorn family medicinal use of alder buckthorn. In the 1950 grays manual of botany, glossy buckthorn was described as recently and rapidly spreading. Rhamnus frangula fine line, is a noninvasive buckthorn that is a responsible replacement for its weedy cousins because it does not selfseed.
Asplenifolia and columnaris to determine impact 070. Pest management invasive plant control buckthorns rhamnus. Pdf on jan 1, 20, esteban chirino and others published rhamnus spp rhamnus alaternus l. Leaves are darkgreen and glossy above while dull green below. The constituents of frangula bark, especially those to which the laxative properties are due, are but imperfectly known. It was subsequently separated by philip miller in 1768 into the genus frangula on the basis of its hermaphrodite flowers with a fiveparted corolla in rhamnus the flowers are dioecious and fourparted. Rhamnus frangula fastigiate, noninvasive rhamnus a tremendous plant for container gardens and narrow spaces, fine line has a narrow habit that fits easily into landscapes. Qualitative and quantitative composition 1, 2 wellestablished use traditional use. Rhamnaceae of north america update, database version 2011 acquired.
Benefits of alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula for health. Rhamnus frangula, the alder buckthorn, is a tall deciduous shrub in the family rhamnaceae. Rhamnus frangula definition of rhamnus frangula by the. Rhamnus frangula alder buckthorn pfaf plant database.
It is also commonly called glossy buckthorn in reference to its glossy leaves. Pdf rhamnus spp rhamnus alaternus l rhamnus lycioides l. Pdf rhamnus spp rhamnus alaternus l rhamnus lycioides. Buckthorn rhamnus cannot be shipped into il, ma, mn, nh, and vt free with every plant purchased the sooner guarantee.
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